DNA double strand break repair and human disease
Research areas:
Chromosome breaks, commonly known as DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic genetic lesion known to man. Most usually, unrepaired DSB leads to cell death and for that reason their repair is essential for normal development. While the complete inability to repair chromosome breaks leads to embryonic lethality and cell death, mutations that hamper this repair lead to an increase on genomic instability, a driving force in cancer development and the cause of several rare diseases. Thus, defects in DSB repair cause genetically inherited syndromes, with or without cancer predisposition. The phenotypes associated with these syndromes are extremely varied, and can include growth and mental retardation, ataxia, skeletal abnormalities, immunodeficiency, premature aging, etc.
Chromosome breaks are repaired by two major mechanisms that compete for the same substrate. Both ends of the DSB can be simple re-joined with little or no processing, a mechanism known as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). On the other hand, DSBs can be processed and engaged in a more complex repair pathway called Homologous Recombination (HR). This pathway uses the information present in a homologue sequence. The balance between these two pathways is exquisitely controlled and its alteration leads to the appearance of chromosomal abnormalities and contribute to the diseases aforementioned. However, and despite its importance, the network controlling the choice between both is poorly understood. A critical step in the decision between both repair pathways is DNA end resection, a 5’-3’ degradation of one strand to create single stranded DNA. It is considered the key element in the decision between HR and NHEJ, as resected DNA is the substrate of recombination machinery and, more importantly, resected DNA effectively block NHEJ.
In our laboratory we are currently pursuing several research lines designed to investigate how the choice between both DSBs repair pathways is made, its relevance for cellular and organismal survival and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and some genetically inherited disorders. This research lines can be divided in two main categories:
1. Detailed characterization of the role of CtIP in homologous recombination.
A key factor on the DSB repair choice is CtIP, a multifunctional protein that integrate multiple cellular signals. Moreover, we discovered that some CtIP mutations cause a Seckel-like syndrome, a genetically inherited dwarfism, Jawad syndrome and that CtIP is lost in aggressive breast cancer. In terms of DSB repair, CtIP act as a molecular switch that activates homologous recombination by activating the DNA resection step. Despite the importance of CtIP in this licensing step, we still not know how it acts molecularly. Thus, some of our efforts are set in characterize the molecular roles of CtIP and its regulation.
2. Global regulation of the balance between NHEJ and HR : relevance in cancer development and treatment.
Most studies have traditionally focus in a specific mechanism of DNA repair, either NHEJ or HR. However, more recently it has become evident than miss regulation in the choice between different repair pathways might have stronger consequences for higher eukaryotes than simply blocking DSB repair. Thus, we have decided to study how the cell exerts the regulation between both repair types. To do so, we employed genomic approaches to try to find out the relevant components in this regulatory network using an easy, fluorescence based, assay to measure the ratio between NHEJ and HR. This way, we have discovered more than 300 new factors that control the choice between the different DSBs repair pathways. Currently, we are analyzing the role of those new factors in DSB repair pathway choice, mainly at the level of DNA resection licensing.
If you want to apply to our lab as a Master Student, PhD Students or Postdoc a send motivation letter, CV and contact details to pablo.huertas@cabimer.es. Postdoc applicant should include also the contact details of at least two referees.
Publications:
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-4449
RESEARCHER ID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-2245-2016
SCOPUS ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602760682
Lab Publications
Single Molecule Analysis of Resection Tracks. Huertas P, Cruz-García A. “Genome Instability: Methods and Protocols” Methods in Molecular Biology,. 2018;1672:147-154. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7306-4_12
DNA end resection requires constitutive sumoylation of CtIP by CBX4. Soria-Bretones I, Cepeda-Gracía C, Checa-Rodriguez C, Heyer V, Reina-San-Martín B, Soutoglou E, Huertas P. Nat Commun. 2017 Jul 24;8(1):113. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00183-6.
CtIP-Specific Roles during Cell Reprogramming Have Long-Term Consequences in the Survival and Fitness of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Gómez-Cabello D, Checa-Rodríguez C, Abad M, Serrano M, Huertas P. Stem Cell Reports. 2016 Dec 27. pii: S2213-6711(16)30299-5. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.009
A genome-wide screening uncovers the role of CCAR2 as an antagonist of DNA end resection. López-Saavedra A, Gómez-Cabello D, Domínguez-Sánchez MS, Mejías-Navarro F, Fernández-Ávila MJ, Martínez-Macías MI, Dinant C, Bartek J, Huertas P. Nature Communication. 2016 Aug 9;7:12364. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12364.
Speed matters: How subtle changes in DNA end resection rate affect repair. Huertas P, Cruz-García A. Mol Cell Oncol. 2015 May 6;2(3):e982964. doi: 10.4161/23723556.2014.982964
Neddylation inhibits CtIP-mediated resection and regulates DNA double strand break repair pathway choice. Jimeno S, Fernández-Avila MJ, Cepeda-García C, Gómez-Cabello D, Cruz-García A, Huertas P. 2015. Nucl Acid Res. Jan 30;43(2):987-99. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku1384. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
BRCA1 accelerates CtIP-mediated DNA-end resection. Cruz-García A, López Saavedra A, Huertas P. 2014. Cell Reports. 2014 Oct 23;9(2):451-9. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.076. Epub 2014 Oct 9.
Prognostic value of CtIP/RBBP8 expression in breast cancer. Soria-Bretones I, Sáez C, Ruíz-Borrego M, Japon MA, Huertas P. 2013. Cancer Med. Dec;2(6):774-83. doi: 10.1002/cam4.141. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
New tools to study DNA double strand breaks repair pathway choice. Gomez-Cabello D, Jimeno S, Fernandez-Avila MJ, Huertas P. 2013. PLOS One. 14;8(10):e77206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077206.
CtIP mutations cause Seckel and Jawad syndromes. Qvist P*, Huertas P*†, Jimeno S, Nyegaard M, Jackson SP†, Borglum AD†. 2011. PLOS Genetics. October e1002310. * Denotes first author. † Denotes corresponding authors
Collaboration papers
Decapping protein EDC4 regulates DNA repair and phenocopies BRCA1. Hernández G, Ramírez MJ, Minguillón J, Quiles P, Ruiz de Garibay G, Aza-Carmona M, Bogliolo M, Pujol R, Prados-Carvajal R, Fernández J, García N, López A, Gutiérrez-Enríquez S, Diez O, Benítez J, Salinas M, Teulé A, Brunet J, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Schindler D, Huertas P, Puente X, Lázaro C, Pujana M, Surrallés J. Nature Communications, 2018 9(1), 967. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03433-3
The Ubiquitin E3/E4 Ligase UBE4A Adjusts Protein Ubiquitylation and Accumulation at Sites of DNA Damage, Facilitating Double-Strand Break Repair. Baranes-Bachar K, Levy-Barda A, Oehler J, Reid DA, Soria-Bretones I, Voss Tc, Chung D, Park Y, Liu C, Yoon JB, Li W, Dellaire G, Misteli T, Huertas P, Rothenberg E, Ramadan K, Ziv, Y, Shiloh Y. Molecular Cell, 69 (2018) 866-885. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.002
Nuclear poly(A)-binding protein 1 is an ATM target and essential for DNA double-strand break repair. Gavish-Izakson M, Velpula B, Elkon R, Prados-Carvajal R, Barnabas GD, Pineiro Ugalde A, Agami R, Geiger T, Huertas P, Ziv Y, Shiloh Y. Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 46, Issue 2, 25 January 2018, Pages 730–747
Targeting the centriolar replication factor STIL synergizes with DNA damaging agents for treatment of ovarian cancer. Rabinowicz N, Mangala LS, Brown KR, Checa-Rodriguez C, Castiel A, Moskovich O, Levy-Barda A , Trakhtenbrot L, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Pradeep S, Zarfati G, van Praag Y, Jiang D, Lopez-Berestein G , David A, Harel M, Geiger T, Huertas P, Rottapel R, Sood AK, Izraeli S. Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 10:27380-27392. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.16068. [Epub ahead of print].
The COP9 signalosome plays a role in timely repair of double-strand breaks in the DNA. Meir M, Galanty Y, Kashani L, Blank B, Khosravi R, Fernández-Ávila MJ, Cruz-Garcia A, Star A, Shochot L, Thomas Y, Chamovitz DA, Bodine DM, Kurz T, Huertas P, Ziv Y, and Shiloh Y. 2015. Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Apr 8. pii: gkv270.
Competing roles of DNA end resection and non-homologous end joining functions in the repair of replication-born double-strand breaks by sister-chromatid recombination. Muñoz-Galván S, López-Saavedra A, Jackson SP, Huertas P, Cortés-Ledesma F, Aguilera A. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Feb 1;41(3):1669-83. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks1274. Epub 2012 Dec 18.
Dr. Pablo Huertas Sánchez
- Maikel C. Pozo
- Dr. Néstor García Rodríguez
- Dr. María Rosario Prados Carvajal
- Andrés Domínguez Calvo
- María Carmen Domínguez Pérez
- Amador Romero Franco
- Andrea Moó Bajo
- Guillermo Rodríguez Real
